Title: Hebrew Grammar Quest / 1. Lessons 1-3 / Lesson 03 / Lesson 03 B. Grammar
Tags: Grammar hebrew::ch_03 006 009 023 hebrew::ch_02

Prompt: What is Quiescent Aleph?
Answer: Aleph without a vowel or Silent Sheva.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 03.7

Q: What are the two rules for Hebrew syllables (with a few exceptions)?
1) [...]
2) [...]
A: They begin with one consonant.; They have only one vowel.
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HGQ Book Section: 03.1

Q: What are the two types of Hebrew syllables?
1) [...] syllables end with a vowel.
2) [...] syllables end with a consonant.
A: Open; Closed
Back Extra: You can remember  דָבָר.
Open syllable ends with a vowel.
Closed syllable ends with a consonant.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 03.1

Q: Name the three main syllables from left to right based on their position RELATIVE to the accent.
[...]
A: (Posttonic), Tonic, Pretonic, Propretonic
Back Extra: You will rarely encounter the term "posttonic" in this course.  You need to know the other three, particularly propretonic.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 03.2

Q: On which syllable are Hebrew words accented?
Most commonly, on [which most common?] syllable
Sometimes on [which other?] syllable
A: the last (ultimate); the next-to-last (penultimate)
Back Extra: Never on any other syllable.
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HGQ Book Section: 03.2

Q: When is a Sheva a Silent Sheva?
1) [...] of a word
2) After [...] vowel
3) The [...] of two consecutive Sheva
A: END; SHORT; FIRST
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HGQ Book Section: 03.3

When is a Sheva a Vocal Sheva?
1) Initial Sheva at BEGINNING of a word
2) Under a letter with a Daghesh Forte
3) The SECOND of two consecutive Sheva (unless at the end of a word)
4) After a/an unaccented long vowel
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HGQ Book Section: 03.4

The Sheva and syllabification:
Silent Sheva: Syllable break goes after (never before) the Sheva
Vocal Sheva: Syllable break goes before and after the Sheva
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HGQ Book Section: 03.3

Q: Qamets and Qamets Hatuf:
1) Qamets Hatuf occurs only in [accented or unaccented?] syllables that are [open or closed?], or when followed by Hateph Qamets Hatuf.
A: unaccented; closed
Back Extra: Qamets is more common than Qamets Hatuf.
Unaccented (i.e. propretonic or pretonic) closed syllables REQUIRE a short vowel.  Qamets Hatuf is Short O, whereas Qamets is Long A
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 03.7

Q: Furtive Patach:
[How does a Furtive Patach affect pronunciation?].
[How does Furtive Patach affect syllabification?]
A: Pronounce Furtive Patach before the consonant that it is written under; For syllabification purposes, Furitive Patach does not count as the one vowel for its syllable
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 03.7

Q: Quiescent Aleph:
[How does a Quiscent Aleph affect pronunciation?]
[How does Quiescent Aleph affect syllabification?]
[Does Quiescent Aleph ever begin a syllable?]
A: Quiescent Aleph does not affect pronunciation - it is silent.; For syllabification purposes, Quiescent Aleph is neither a vowel nor a consonant.  It does not count in the one vowel or one/two consonant rule.; Quiscent Aleph never begins a syllable
Back Extra: English has many examples of silent letters that do not affect pronunciation or syllabification; for example the "p" in receipt or the "g" in gnat.
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HGQ Book Section: 03.7

Q: Hebrew Diphthong
[What is the most common Hebrew diphthong?]
[How does the diphthong affect syllabification?]
A: Accented Patach-Yod-Hireq. יִ ַ֫; It stays together in one syllable that begins and ends with a consonant
Reference: it technically becomes a single vowel unit and therefore maintains the one syllable/one vowel rule.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 03.5

Prompt: Sometimes when a guttural is the last letter in a word, there is a line underneath it.  What is that line called?
E.g., רוּחַ , תַצְמִחַ , רָקִיעַ , מַדוּעַ , אֱלוֹהַּ , נֹהַּ
Answer: Furtive patach
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 03.7

Prompt: What consonant can occur in the middle of a word without a vowel or vocal Sheva?
What do we call it?
Answer: Alef can occur in the middle of a word without a vowel or Sheva.
This is called Quiescent Alef.
E.g., קָרָאתָ
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 03.7

Prompt: How many accents does a word have?
Answer: Every word has 1 primary accent
(words preceding maqqef ־ are unaccented and longer words may have a secondary accent indicated by a cantilation mark)
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 03.2

Prompt: Which vowels are never accented?
Answer: Syllables with reduced/Hateph vowels and either type of Sheva are never accented.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 03.2

Prompt: Which vowels commonly reduce (usually to Sheva) when they are too far from the accent?
Answer: Qamets and Tsere
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HGQ Book Section: 03.2

Vowel and Syllable Preference: TONIC
Syllable Type | Vowel Preference
Open | SHORT
Closed | LONG
Back Extra: You can remember  דָבָר. Pretonic open = long. Tonic closed = long.   Short preferences are the opposite.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 03.6

Vowel and Syllable Preference: PRETONIC
Syllable Type | Vowel Preference
Closed | SHORT
Open | LONG
Back Extra: You can remember  דָבָר. Pretonic open = long. Tonic closed = long.   Short preferences are the opposite.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 03.6

Vowel and Syllable Preference: PROPRETONIC
Syllable Type | Vowel Preference
Open | REDUCED
Closed | SHORT
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 03.6

Q: The preference for [what type of] vowels in open, propretonic syllables is called "[...]."
A: reduced; propretonic reduction
Back Extra: Open, Pretonic syllables prefer long vowels.  When a suffix is added, the formerly open pretonic syllable is now an open, propretonic syllable and the change from long vowel preference to reduced vowel preference occurs (except for unchangeable long vowels).
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 03.6