Title: Hebrew Grammar Quest / 1. Lessons 1-3 / Lesson 01 / Lesson 01 B. Grammar
Tags: Grammar hebrew::ch_01 010

Q: List the five Final/Sofit Letters
[Identify both the regular and forms of the sofit letters.]
A: כ ך   מ ם   נ ן   פ ף  צ ץ
Hint: These are the KiMNiPaTZ letters
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.3

Q: Gutturals
[What are the four guttural letters?]
[What is the letter that sometimes acts like a guttural?]
A: proper gutturals: א ה ח ע; sometimes acts like a guttural: ר
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.5

Prompt: List the 10 SQiN eM LeVY consonants
Answer: שׂשׁסצ ק נ מ ל ו י
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.8

Q: Look-alike letters - identify the letter name:
​פ | ​ב | ​כ
[...] | ​[...] | ​[...]
A: ​Pei; Bet; Kaph
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.6

Q: Look-alike letters - identify the letter name:
​נ | ​ג | ​כ
[...] | ​[...] | ​[...]
A: ​Nun; Gimel; Kaph
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.6

Q: Look-alike letters - identify the letter name:
​ר | ​ך | ​ד
[...] | ​[...] | ​[...]
A: ​Resh; Kaph Sofit; Dַalet
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.6

Q: Look-alike letters - identify the letter name:
​ת | ​ח | ​ה
[...] | ​[...] | ​[...]
A: ​Tav; Chet; Hei
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.6

Q: Look-alike letters - identify the letter name:
​ז | ​ן | ​ו
[...] | ​[...] | ​[...]
A: ​Zayin; Nun Sofit; Vav
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.6

Q: Look-alike letters - identify the letter name:
​ס | ​מ | ​ט
[...] | ​[...] | ​[...]
A: ​Samech; Mem; Tet
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.6

Q: Look-alike letters - identify the letter name:
​ע | ​צ | ​ץ
[...] | ​[...] | ​[...]
A: ​Ayin; Tsaddi; Tsaddi Sofit
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.6

Six letters בּגּדּ כּפּתּ (called the "BeGaD KePHaT" letters) can take a mark called a Daghesh Lene.
In "seminary" pronunciation, all six letter pairs have hard/soft pronunciation. In Sephardic pronunciation, only three pairs letters have their pronunciation changed from hard to soft based on the presence/absence of the Daghesh Lene:  ב/בּ כ/כּ פ/פּ "BucK uP!".
Back Extra: See the discussion on "Seminary vs Sephardic" pronunciation in the Guidebook
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.4

Q: [Which two letters] are silent in Sephardic pronunciation[?]
A: א and ע; .
Back Extra: It is thought that in ancient times, the ע may have had a very soft "g" sound
Hint: These are classified as guttural letters
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.1

What distinguishes Bet and Kaf?
- Bet has a square lower-right corner (ב)
- Kaf has a rounded lower-right corner (כ)
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.6

Q: What is a way to remember Kaf vs. Qof?
[...]
A: Kaf  is pronounced like the English ‘cough’ and כ looks like an open mouth coughing
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.6

What distinguishes Gimmel and Nun?
- Gimmel has a bump up and down in the lower right corner (ג)
- Nun has a square lower-right corner (נ)
Back Extra: Gimmel looks like the heel on a boot.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.6

What distinguishes Hei, Ḥet, and Tav?
- Hei has a gap in the upper-left corner (ה)
- Ḥet has NO gap in the upper-left corner (ח)
- Tav has NO gap in the upper-left corner and a bump in the lower-left corner (ת)
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.6

What distinguishes Sin and Shin?
- Sin has a dot in the upper-left corner (שֹ).
- Shin has a dot in the upper-right corner (שׁ)
Mnemonic: Sin is never right
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.6

What distinguishes final Mem and Samech?
- Final Mem has square bottom corners (ם)
- Samech  has round bottom corners (ס)
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.6

What distinguishes Dalet and Resh?
- Dalet has a square upper-right corner. Hֹorizontal line extends to the right (ד)
- Resh has a round upper-right corner.  Horizontal line does not extend to the right (ר)
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.6

What distinguishes Tsade and Ayin?
- Tsade has a bump in the lower-right corner (צ)
- Ayin has a smooth lower-right corner (ע)
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.6

Q: Hebrew is written and read from [...] to [...].
A: right; left
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.2

Q: From a grammar standpoint, what is the difference between the letter "waw" and the letter "vav"?
[...]
A: Nothing.  They are simply different pronunciations of the same letter, ו.
Back Extra: It is not necessarily wrong to pronounce one way over the other; however, use of the "w" sound tends to be limited to academia.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 01.7