Title: Hebrew Grammar Quest / 1. Lessons 1-3 / Lesson 02 / Lesson 02 B. Grammar
Tags: Grammar hebrew::ch_02 hebrew::ch_03 010

Name the LONG vowels that aren't vowel letters.
Name | Symbol | Class
Qamets | בָ | A
Tsere | בֵ | E
Holem | בֹ | O
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.1

Name the REDUCED vowels
Name | Symbol | Class
Hateph Patach | בֲ | A
Hateph Seghol |  בֱ  | E
Hateph Qamets Hatuf |  בֳ  | O
Vocal Sheva |   בְ  | Not applicable
Back Extra: Remember SILENT Sheva is not a reduced vowel.  Silent Sheva is not a vowel at all.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.1

Prompt: Which letters take Hateph vowels?
Answer: Only gutteral letters.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.1

Prompt: When do gutturals take a Vocal Sheva?
Answer: Never. They always take a Hateph vowel instead.  Gutturals CAN take a SILENT Sheva.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.2

Prompt: Which three consanants are used to write vowel letters?
Answer: Vav  ו  Yod י  Hei ה
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.3

Prompt: What are the unchangeable long vowels?
Answer: Vowel letters written with Yod or Vav.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.3

Prompt: What is the primary distinction between vowel letters written with Hei compared to those written with Yod or Vav?
Answer: Hei vowels can only occur at the end of a word; Yod and Vav vowels can occur anywhere
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.3

Prompt: How is בוֹ written defectively?
Answer: (Holem) ֹב
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.4

Prompt: How is בוּ written defectively?
Answer: Qibbuts בֻ
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.4

Prompt: How is Hireq+Yod בִי written defectively?
Answer: Hireq בִ
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.4

Prompt: How is Qamets+Hei בָה written defectively?
Answer: Qamets בָ
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.4

What are the two kinds of Daghesh?
1) Dagesh Forte doubles a consonant, except for אעהח and ר.
2) Dagesh Lene hardens the pronunciation of  a consonant, only for בגדכפת
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.5

Q: How does a Dagesh Forte affect syllabification?
[...]
A: A Daghesh Forte ends one syllable and begins the next
Back Extra: Think of the English word "better" (bet | ter)
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.5

Q: How to tell a Daghesh in בגד כפת:
A Dagesh is a [...], if and only if, it is preceeded by a [...].
A: Forte; vowel that is not a Sheva
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.6

Gutturals (אהחע) and Resh (ר) always reject the Dagesh Forte.
The SQiN eM LeVY (שׁשֹסצקנ מ לוי) letters sometimes reject the Dagesh Forte when the letter has a Sheva.
Back Extra: 02.8

Prompt: Which vowel letters are short?
Answer: Only ה ֶ is short. All others are long
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.3

Q: What are the names of the two kinds of Sheva?
[...]
A: Vocal and Silent
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.2

Prompt: What two things do the two kinds of Sheva have in common?
Answer: 1. Both are written בְ
2. Both mark the end of a syllable
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.2

How do the two kinds of Sheva differ?
- Vocal Sheva is a reduced vowel, whereas Silent Sheva is not a vowel at all.
- Vocal Sheva is pronounced, whereas Silent Sheva is not pronounced.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.2

Q: How do a Daghesh Lene and a Daghesh Forte differ in appearance?
[...]
A: None. A Daghesh Forte and a Daghesh Lene are identical in appearance.
Back Extra: This causes potential ambiguity in Hebrew, but there is a rule discussed in the notes and on a separate Anki slide.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.5

Q: What does a Daghesh Forte do to a consonant?
[...]
A: A Dagesh Forte ‘doubles’ the consonant.
Back Extra: Like the English "Bet-ter"
A Daghesh Forte often indicates that a letter that was once present has dropped (similar to an English apostrophe in a contraction)
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.5

Q: When a בגד כפת letter has a Daghesh Forte, which two things occur?
Dagesh Forte [...] AND [...]
A: hardens the sound; doubles the consonant
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.5

Name the SHORT vowels that aren't vowel letters.
Name | Symbol | Class
Patach | ַבַ  | A
Seghol | בֶ  | E
Qibbuts | בֻ  | U
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 02.1

Q: Which letters do not take a Dagesh Lene?
[...]
A: No letters take Dagesh Lene except, בגד כפת.