Title: Hebrew Grammar Quest / 2. Lessons 4-11 / Lesson 04 / Lesson 04 C. Workbook
Tags: Workbook hebrew::ch_04

Q: Parse/Translate (identify gender, number, lexical lorm, and meaning):
 שִׁירִים
 [...]
A: MP, שִׁיר songs
Back Extra: If the lexical form is one syllable, most often removing the plural ending is all that needs to be done.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 4

Q: Parse/Translate:
 תּוֹרוֹת
[...]
A: FP תּוֹרָה laws, teachings
Back Extra: To get to lexical from:
1. Remove Feminine plural ending.  2. add ה ָ for the FS ending.
This word has וֹ, which is an unchangable long vowel, meaning it will never reduce even if the word originally had a propretonic syllable
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 4

Q: Parse/Translate:
 חֲלוֹמוֹת
[...]
A: MP חֲלוֹם dreams
Back Extra: This word is irregular in the plural.
1. Remove plural ending
2. Add singular ending, if applicable.  Here you might be tempted to add ה ָ but if you try to look up חלומה you wouldn't find it.  You would find חלום.
In the Basics of Biblical Hebrew abridged Lexicon, the authors often provide the plural form when it is irregular.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 4

Q: Parse/Translate:
 חֲצֵרוֹת
[...]
A: (M/F)P חֲצֵר yards, courtyards, villages
Back Extra: This is not a vocabulary word until Lesson 11.   If you said "FP" based on the ending, you're correct, but just be aware this word can equally used as M or F.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 4

Q: Parse/Translate:
 מְלָכִים
[...]
A: MP מֶ֫לֶךְ kings
Back Extra: Segholate pluralization pattern
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 4

Q: Parse/Translate: נְפָשׁוֹת
[...]
A: FP נֶ֫פֶשׁ souls
Back Extra: Segholate pluralization pattern, Endingless, Feminine
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 4

Q: Parse/Translate: חֲרָבוֹת
[...]
A: FP חֶ֫רֶב swords
Back Extra: Segholate pluralization pattern
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 4

Q: Parse/Translate:  דְבָרִים
[...]
A: MP, דָּבָר, words, matters, things
Back Extra: Since the word is MP, the most likely option to determine the lexical form is simply to remove the plural ending.  With a few nouns, we might need to add ה ֶ, which is also a masculine plural ending.
Next, we would address any remnants of propretonic reduction after removing the plural ending.  Open, pretonic syllables prefer long vowels so we lengthen the reduced ּדְ to דָּ.
The sheva will usually lengten to qamets or tsere
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 4

Q: Parse/Translate:  שֹׁפְטִים
[...]
A: MP, שֹׁפֵט, judges
Back Extra: Since the word is MP, the most likely option to determine the lexical form is simply to remove the plural ending.  With a few nouns, we might need to add ה ֶ, which is also a masculine plural ending.
Next, we would address any remnants of propretonic reduction after removing the plural ending.  The last syllable should have a full vowel not a reduced vowel. The sheva will usually lengten to qamets or tsere.  In this case, שֹׁפֵט is the lexical form.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 4

Q: Parse/Translate:  שָׁמַ֫יִם
[...]
A: MD, שָׁמַ֫יִם, heaven, sky, (sometimes heavens)
Back Extra: This is a dual ending: יִם ַ֫
Most dual endings are masculine but not all are.  This one is.
This is actually a special situation where the lexical form שָׁמַ֤֫יִם is not singular.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 4

Q: Parse/Translate:  יֶ֫לֶד
[...]
A: MS, יֶ֫לֶד, youth, boy
Back Extra: This word has no ending, which indicates singular and most likely masculine.
Since it is singular, it is the lexical form.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 4

Q: Parse/Translate:  יַלְדָּה
[...]
A: FS, יַלְדָּה, youth, girl
Back Extra: This word has ה ָ
ending, which indicates singular and femine.
Since it is singular, it is the lexical form.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 4

Q: Parse/Translate:  סוּס
[...]
A: MS, סוּס, horse (stallion)
Back Extra: This word has no ending, which indicates singular and masculine.
Since it is singular, it is the lexical form.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 4

Q: Parse/Translate:  סוּסָה
[...]
A: FS, סוּסָה, horse (mare)
Back Extra: This word has ה ָ  ending, which indicates singular and femine.
Since it is singular, it is the lexical form.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 4

Q: Parse/Translate:  מִשְׁמֶ֫רֶת
[...]
A: FS, מִשְׁמֶ֫רֶת, service
Reference: Reminder: you can refer to the abridged Hebrew lexicon if you need to look up this word.
Back Extra: This word has ת ֶ  ending, which indicates singular and femine.
Since it is singular, it is the lexical form.
Hint: The lexical form means "service" or "obligation"
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 4

Q: Parse/Translate: מִשְׁמָרוֹת
[...]
A: FP, מִשְׁמֶ֫רֶת, obligations, services
Back Extra: This word has וֹת  ending, which indicates plural and femine.
The first step in determining the lexical form is to remove the ending.  Since it is feminine, we know we will need to add a feminine singular ending. The question is which one.  It is logical to start with ה ָ since most FS nouns have this ending.  As you can see that is not correct in this case.  Refer back to the lesson and recall that there were some additional options for FS that were vowel + ת.
If you didn't know the ending, you at least have enough of the word to get started in a lexicon.  You would lookup משמר and find מִשְׁמֶ֫רֶת
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 4

Q: Parse/Translate: בָּנוֹת
[...]
A: FP, בַּת, daughters
Back Extra: This word has וֹת  ending, which indicates plural and femine.
If you didn't know the lexical form, you would complete the following steps:
1. remove the ending.  This leaves us with בָּן
2 Since our original word is feminine plural, we know we will need to add a feminine singular ending. The question is which one.  It is logical to start with ה ָ since most FS nouns have this ending.
We can try בָּנָה, but oh no! If you look up this word in a lexicon it is a verb!  We know this is not what we want.  So you might try the other endings בָּנַת בָּנִית but all of these would be to no avail.
This is why it's important to remember that בָּנוֹת is the irregular plural of the lexical form בָּת, daughter.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 4