Title: Hebrew Grammar Quest / 3. Lessons 12-23 / Lesson 23 / Lesson 23 B. Grammar
Tags: Grammar hebrew::ch_23

Prompt: What is the most common "word" at the beginning of a clause? How should it be translated?
Answer: • ו is the most common word at the beginning of a clause.
• Literally ‘and’, but for smoother English, a clause-initial ו should often be left untranslated, or translated as ‘but’, ‘then’, ‘so’, ‘if’, or other things, depending on the context.

Prompt: What do verbless clauses usually mean?
Answer: They usually identify or classify the subject.
E.g., ‘I am David’
Particularly in poetry, a verb is often omitted but is implied by the context.

Prompt: What is the time of a verbless clause?
Answer: Usually present.

Prompt: How should we translate  an imperfect verb (without Vav) that is clause initial?
Answer: Clause-initial imperfect without Vav is usually volitional (jussive or cohortative).
An unnuanced imperfect verb (English future tense), without vav, is usually NOT clause-initial.
Imperfect Vav/Waw Consecutive is usually clause initial and usually receives an English past tense translation.

Prompt: Where in a clause does a perfect verb usually go?
Answer: A perfect verb is usually NOT clause-initial.

Prompt: When a verb is negated, does the negation appear before or after the verb?
Answer: Before the verb.

Prompt: What is the usual meaning of a Pwc verb that comes after an imperative verb?
Answer: The Pwc is usually the next command in the series.
E.g., In ‘Go and do this’, the ‘and do’ is often Pwc.

Prompt: What is the usual meaning of Vav+Jussive or Vav+Cohortative after a volitional (M/J/C) verb?
Answer: J+ו or C+ו after a volitional verb (M/J/C) is usually the purpose or result of the preceding volitional verb.