Title: Hebrew Grammar Quest / 3. Lessons 12-23 / Lesson 14 / Lesson 14 B. Grammar
Tags: Grammar hebrew::ch_14

Q: [What goes before a finite verb sufformative?]
EXCEPTIONS:
[List at least two exceptions.]
A: Shewa goes before a finite verb sufformative; • Irreducible long vowel does not change[e.g., בָּנִ֫יתָ]
   • V1 of the QP does not change[e.g., קָ֫מוּ]
   • 3א quiesces [e.g., שָׁמַאתָ]
   • Pronominal Suffix (maybe)
   • Pausal Form (maybe)
   • (Note, 2G takes a Hateph Vowel [e.g., בָּחֲר֫וּ])

Prompt: When you see a Hateph vowel in a verb, how do you get back to the strong-verb spelling?
Answer: • Apply the Rule of Sheva in reverse - Change the Hateph vowel to Sheva.

Q: In general (not specific to the Qal Perfect), Gutturals affect the following:
1. Reject [which grammatical mark?]
2. Reject [which vowel?]
3. Often change surrounding vowels to [which vowel?]
A: Dagesh Forte; Vocal Shewa; Pathach

Q: Three things cause loss of Dagesh Forte:
1. [Which consonants ALWAYS reject?]
2. [Which consonants SOMETIMES reject?]
3. [Which other scenario always rejects?]
A: Guttural or Resh; SQiN ‘eM LeVY with Shewa; Last letter of the word, without a vowel

Q: The QP3fs form of a 3ה verb is identical to QP3fs of a [What kind of] verb.  Example: כַּרְתָּה
- Knowledge of verb roots is essential
  - Example: כרת is more common; כרה (excavate, dig) does exist, but is less common
  - בנה is extremely common; there is no verb בנת in the Hebrew Bible.
A: 3ת

Prompt: What makes a verb biconsonantal?
Answer: • R2 is a vowel letter

Prompt: List the three biconsonantal verb Lexical/Stem Vowels.
Answer: • R2 is  י ִ  or וּ or וֹ

Prompt: Where are VS and its accent for biconsonantal verbs? Why?
Answer: VS & its accent are on V1 for biconsonantal verbs
- VS is the vowel in front of R3
- There is no R2 or V2 for biconsonantal verbs, so V1 is the vowel in front of R3

Identifying a Qal Perfect Strong Verb
1. No preformative
2. Perfect sufformative except QP3ms
3. V1 is Qamets  ָ
   o Reduced if 2mp, 2fp, or pronominal suffix
4. VS is Pathach  ַ

Prompt: What is the key spelling feature of geminate verbs?
Answer: Often R2 assimilates to a Dagesh Forte in R3 when there is a sufformative/suffix.