Title: Hebrew Grammar Quest / 3. Lessons 12-23 / Lesson 12 / Lesson 12 B. Grammar
Tags: Grammar hebrew::ch_12

Q: The verbal root is [...]
A: a set of (usually) 3 consonants on which the verb is based.
Back Extra: • A small number of verbs have a 2-consonant root.
• Most Hebrew nouns are also formed from the related verbal root
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 12-1

Q: SHORTHAND
- [To what do R_1, R_2, and R_3 refer?]
- [To what do V_1 and V_2 refer?]
A: R_1, R_2, and R_3 refer to the three verbal root consonants, in order (from right to left); V_1 and V_2 refer to the vowels with the first two root consonants
Back Extra: V1 follows R1, V2 follows R2
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 12-1, 12-3

Q: In the verb קָטַל,
[Identify R1, R2, and R3]
[Identify V1, V2, VS]
A: R1 = ק  R2 = ט  R3 = ל; V1 = ָ   V2 =VS= ַ
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 12-1, 12-3

What does the verbal stem indicate?
• Type of action: Simple or causative
• Voice: Active, Passive, or Reflexive
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 12-4

Q: [...] is the "primary" Hebrew verb stem.
[...] is referred to as the "derived" stems.
A: The Qal stem; Every other stem
Back Extra: The derived stems are Niphal, Piel, Pual, Hiphil, Hophal, and Hitpael
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 12-4

Q: What six components does one list when parsing a finite verb?  [...]
A: Stem, conjugation, person, gender, & number, followed by the root or lexical form
Back Extra: E.g., Qal Perfect, 3rd Person, masculine, singular.  Root: קטל
Or shorthand, "QP3ms קטל"

Q: - [What distinguishes a finite verb from one that is not finite?]
- [List the five finite verb conjugations.]
- [List the three verb conjugations that are not finite.]
A: Finite verbs have "person" designated.  (1st, 2nd, or 3rd); The finite conjugations are perfect, imperfect, cohortative, imperative, and jussive; The non-finite conjugations are Participle, infinitive construct, and infinitive absolute.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 12-7

Q: What is usually the lexical form of a verb?  [...]
A: The Qal Perfect 3ms form - קָטַל
Back Extra: If the QP3ms is not in the Bible, Lexicons will list consonants only: אזר
Biconsonantal verbs will use the Qal Infinitive Construct form (e.g. when R2 is a vowel): קוּם not קָם
Hint: Provide the Stem, Conjugation, and PGN of a typical lexical form verb.

Q: The person, gender, and number of a [finite or infinite?] verb refers to the [subject or object?]
A: finite; subject
Back Extra: Lesson 19 will introduce verbal objects.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
HGQ Book Section: 12-5, 12-6

Q: SHORTHAND
- [What is V_S?]
- [Where in a verb is V_S?]
- [To what does V_P refer?]
A: V_S is the stem vowel; V_S is the vowel in front of R3. V_S normally (but not always) = V_2; V_P is the vowel associated with the prefix or preformative